Can’t get rid of dandruff? Do you also experience relentless itching that seems to have a mind of its own? And to make matters worse, have small red patches appeared on your scalp? You’re not alone!
Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a very common scalp condition which, although chronic, can be effectively managed with the right hair care products and targeted treatments.
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis, also known as Scalp Seborrhoea, is a chronic, non-contagious inflammation of the scalp triggered by a fungus naturally found on the skin called Pityrosporum ovale (also known as Malassezia furfur). This fungus feeds on skin sebum, leading to itching, flaking (commonly referred to as dandruff), and red, irritated patches on the scalp.
This condition can occur at any age — from cradle cap in infants to seborrhoeic dermatitis in adults — and tends to affect men more frequently. Flare-ups can be triggered or worsened by several factors such as stress, physical fatigue, and changes in weather.
Seborrhoeic dermatitis is often confused with simple dandruff, as both involve flaking of the scalp. However, there are important differences between the two.
Dandruff is milder and presents primarily as white or yellowish flakes, without significant inflammation. Seborrhoeic dermatitis, on the other hand, involves inflammation — meaning that alongside flaking, it also causes redness, intense itching, and sometimes excessive oiliness.
So, while dandruff may be caused by factors like oily skin or unsuitable hair products, seborrhoeic dermatitis involves an inflammatory response and the presence of the Pityrosporum ovale fungus. As a result, treating seborrhoeic dermatitis requires more specific care and, in some cases, medical guidance to avoid recurring episodes.
Although symptoms of seborrhoeic dermatitis can vary from person to person, the most common warning signs include:
Flaking or dandruff on the scalp (also on the eyebrows, beard, or moustache), with visible formation of small, fine pieces of dead skin.
Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin in the affected area, which can lead to irritation, lesions, and a strong burning sensation.
Patches or plaques with yellowish or whitish crusts covering large areas of the scalp (or face, nose, eyebrows, ears, eyelids, and chest).
Greasy appearance due to excessive oiliness, even when washing the hair frequently.
Hair loss, when inflammation of the scalp affects hair growth.
Have you noticed any of these symptoms of Seborrhoeic Dermatitis? Then keep reading to understand what causes it!
Seborrhoeic dermatitis often appears without warning, but there are several causes and risk factors that may contribute to its onset, including:
A few simple lifestyle changes can help you avoid the discomfort of flaking and itching. Here are some key tips:
Despite all precautions, have you still developed seborrhoeic dermatitis? In that case — and although it is a chronic condition with no definitive cure — it’s important to know that there are hair care products and treatments available that help reduce inflammation. These include:
Medicated shampoos containing ketoconazole, selenium sulphide, or zinc pyrithione, among other ingredients, which help control the symptoms of seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Creams and lotions with antifungal and/or anti-inflammatory properties to control infection, flaking, and the Pityrosporum ovale fungus, which plays a significant pathogenic role.
Topical corticosteroids to reduce redness and itching, or phototherapy to alleviate symptoms in more severe cases — but only under medical supervision.
If you suspect that you may have seborrhoeic dermatitis on your scalp, consult a dermatologist to assess the location of the lesions and the severity of the symptoms in order to receive the appropriate treatment.
Indeed, inflammation of the scalp can weaken the hair follicles, leading to temporary hair loss — one of the biggest concerns for those with seborrhoeic dermatitis. The good news is that this type of hair loss, often caused by lesions due to itching and excessive scratching, is usually reversible. With proper treatment, the scalp can heal, and the hair typically grows back as normal.
Now, if your hair loss is severe or persistent, and it's affecting your self-esteem and overall well-being, it’s important to book an appointment with a hair health specialist. They will assess the condition of your follicles and help determine the best solution to strengthen your hair and stop the shedding.
